Titanium plates are thick sheets of pure titanium metal that can be used for a variety of purposes. They are available in different sizes, ranging from around 2 mm to 150 mm or more in thickness.
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What is a Titanium Plate Used For?
Titanium plate is a kind of plate made of titanium metal.
Common titanium plate types include but are not limited to the following:
TA1: Industrial pure titanium with good plasticity and toughness.
TA2: Higher purity and better overall performance.
TA3: Good toughness at low temperatures.
TC4: Titanium alloy with high strength and good corrosion resistance.
Titanium plates are commonly used in the following fields and applications.
Medical field: Used in orthopedic surgery, such as for fixing broken bones or supporting damaged bone structures.
Aerospace industry: Due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, they are used in aircraft and spacecraft components.
Marine industry: Due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, they are used in aircraft and spacecraft components. Marine industry: In boat and shipbuilding for corrosion protection. In boat and shipbuilding for corrosion resistance and strength.
Chemical industry: In boat and shipbuilding for corrosion resistance and strength. Chemical industry: Due to their high strength-to-weight ratio they are used in aircraft and spacecraft components. Resistant to corrosion in harsh chemical environments.
Biomedical engineering: In boat and shipbuilding for corrosion resistance and strength. Biomedical engineering: In dental implants and orthopedic implants. In dental implants and orthopedic implants.
Sports equipment: For lightweight and durable components. For lightweight and durable components.
What Are the Features of Titanium Plates？
Excellent strength and lightness: Titanium platesis a high-strength, low-density metal material with a specific gravity of only 4.5 g/cubic centimeter, which is half that of steel and twice that of copper, but it has the same strength as steel. strength. For example, the tensile strength of common industrial pure titanium plates can reach 300 to 600 MPa, and the yield strength is more than 240 MPa.
Good corrosion resistance: Titanium plates have good corrosion resistance at room temperature and can resist erosion by corrosive media such as oxidizing acids, alkaline solutions and seawater. For example, titanium plates are many times more resistant to corrosion in salt water than pure aluminum.
Excellent high temperature resistance:Titanium plates can still maintain good stability and mechanical properties in high temperature environments, and can work in high temperature environments above 600 degrees Celsius for a long time.
Excellent biocompatibility:Titanium plates have excellent biocompatibility and will not cause adverse reactions to human tissues. They are widely used in medical devices, human implants and other fields. For example, titanium plates are often used to make orthopedic implants, such as artificial joints and dental implants.
Good processing performance: Titanium plates can be prepared into various shapes of plates, pipes and profiles through hot rolling, cold rolling, stretching, extrusion and other processing processes to meet the needs of different engineering projects.
Unique appearance characteristics: Titanium plates have a silver-white metallic luster and a smooth surface. Different appearance effects can be obtained through surface treatments such as polishing and anodizing.
The Quality of Titanium Plates Depends On the Smelting Process!
Titanium plates have high corrosion resistance and specific strength. They are widely used in electric power, chemical industry, aviation parts, building materials, sports equipment, medical and other fields, and are still expanding. Titanium plates have the advantages of low price, high performance, multiple functions, and easy production.
The quality of titanium plates depends largely on the smelting process, including the chemical composition of titanium, the cleanliness of titanium water (gases, harmful elements, inclusions) and the quality of steel billets (composition segregation, decarburization and surface conditions). These are Critical control points for smelting operations. In addition, industrial titanium plates also require sufficient hardenability to ensure uniform microstructure and mechanical properties of the entire spring segment. Oxide inclusions in titanium are the main cause of fatigue cracks, and D inclusions cause greater damage to fatigue life than B inclusions. Therefore, foreign titanium factories and automobile factories have put forward higher requirements for oxide inclusions in industrial titanium plates. For example, the Swedish SKF standard requires that the oxygen content in titanium is less than 15×10~(-6), and the oxygen content of D-type inclusions is lower than that of B-type inclusions.
Due to its special physical and chemical properties, the welding process of titanium plates is very different from other metals. Titanium welding is a TIG welding process that uses inert argon gas to effectively protect the welding area. Before using argon gas, check the factory certificate of the bottle, confirm the argon gas purity index, and then check whether the bottle valve is leaking or failing. The metal in the welding area above 250℃ is not contaminated by reactive gas N0h and harmful impurity element CFeMn. The purity is not less than 99.98%, the water content is less than 50mg/m32 argon gas, industrial grade pure argon gas, can form a coarse crystal structure. The welding process must be carried out according to the predetermined construction sequence, and no large welding residual stress and residual deformation can be generated.
Titanium Characteristics
Titanium is an amazing material which has unique properties that make it highly sought after in the production of many modern and innovative applications. It's strong and light. The tensile strength of Ti is between 30,000 psi to 200,000 psi depending on the type of titanium. It is also low density; about 60% the density of iron, reducing load and strain of heavier metals while reducing the overall weight of the objects it is used to manufacture. Titanium actually has the highest strength-to-density ratio of any metallic element.
The melting point of Titanium is much higher than Stainless Steel. This, combined with its low weight and high strength, are why Titanium and titanium alloys are used in airplanes, missiles and rockets where strength, low weight and resistance to high temperatures are important.
Titanium has excellent elasticity, exhibiting a Young's modulus equivalent to approximately 50% of stainless steel which makes it desirable for certain spring applications.
It is also extremely desirable in medical manufacturing because titanium metal is one of the most biocompatible metals that exist, leading to its use in everything from artificial joints to cardiac valves and other surgical implantable devices.
The thermal expansion rates of titanium and titanium alloys are generally equivalent to approximately 50% of stainless steel. This means that there is less dimensional change induced by heating the metal when compared to Stainless or Aluminum. This, combined with its superconductive properties lends well to use in devices such as induction motors and semiconductor manufacturing.
Some other properties of Titanium include:
Excellent heat transfer properties
High melting point - 3,135 degrees Fahrenheit (This is 400 degrees above the melting point of steel and 2000 degrees above that of aluminum).
A high degree of resistance to minerals, acids, and chlorides.
Non-toxic - Makes it a candidate for use in medical devices that are inserted in the human body.
High-degree of electrical resistance.
What Is Titanium Polishing?
- Titanium polishing is a mechanical finishing process involving a buffing wheel and polish wax to improve the surface roughness of titanium parts. Polishing is a critical step after machining titanium; it gives titanium parts optimized protection and an aesthetically appealing surface finish with 0.1 – 0.05 µm as Ra (average roughness).
- The polishing process offers high control and precision in polishing small and complex titanium parts. With the right tools and techniques, the titanium polishing process provides impressive results. However, the sandpaper grade and unpolished titanium condition often determine the machined titanium parts' final color and texture.
A Stepwise Guide To Polishing Titanium With A Mirror Finish
There are a few simple steps to polishing titanium parts and achieving a desired finish. We'll explore these basic steps below:
Step 1: Degrease and Clean the Titanium Part
- The first step to polishing titanium is to degrease and clean dirt, oil residues, and grease left behind by the manufacturing processes. Preparing the metal's surface before performing any finishing operation is essential to avoid complications or flawed surface polish.
- Hence, degreasing agents like spray rising should be used to eliminate oil residues or grease on the titanium part. Then, fill a bowl with enough clean water and rinse the titanium part in the clean water.
- You can add a small quantity of the desired cleanser, including glass cleanser, mild soap, or ammonia, to the water and leave the titanium part in the bowl for a few minutes. After, rinse the titanium part with warm water and use a clean towel to dry.
- However, bleach and chlorine can influence the titanium part's properties and aesthetic quality. Similarly, product engineers employ ultrasonic cleaning in cases of deep cleaning.
Step 2: Sanding Process
- You must use abrasive media such as sandpaper to smoothen the titanium part's whole surface. Sanding is like precision grinding; it removes the oxidized oxide layer and creates a thin titanium coating. Similarly, it enhances the metal polish's adhesion.
- Apply a lubricant on the surface of the titanium part. Then, choose the preferred grade of sandpaper and put it on a hook pad connected to a drill. You can begin the process with rough grades and gradually change to smooth grades along the line depending on the desired finish.
- Apply a lubricant on the sandpaper and place it on the end of the titanium material, moving it over in the horizontal direction until it reaches the other end. Continue until you have moved the lubricated sandpaper over the entire part's surface.
- Repeat this for different grades of sandpaper. However, applying gentle and even pressure to all areas helps achieve even surface patterns.
Step 3: Buffing Process
The buffing process provides the preferred bright glass-like surface. You must use an alcohol-based cleanser to clean the titanium's surface to achieve this. After, polish the titanium part's surface using a buffing wheel and metal polish, applying water intermittently to reduce the heat that the process generates.
Step 4: Final Touches
- Some titanium parts sometimes bear visible marks and missed spots, even after buffing. Therefore, you must give a final finish to conceal these marks with paint polish. To achieve this, apply a paint polish to a clean towel and rub the titanium surface evenly until the marks get darker.
- Spray the surface with water; allow it to dry, then apply the sealant to another towel and rub it on the titanium surface. After leaving the surface to dry, remove excess liquid with a clean cloth.
Surface Defect Handling of Titanium Plate and Rod
Physical Mechanical Polishing
Sand blasting
White corundum generally improves the sandblasting treatment of titanium wire.The sandblasting pressure is lower than that of non-precious metals, which is typically kept below 0.45MPa. Because when the injection pressure is too high, the impact of the sand on the titanium surface causes intense sparks. And the reaction of the temperature rise with the titanium surface can result in secondary pollution and impair the surface quality. It takes 15 to 30 seconds. On the titanium's surface, only the slick sand, sintered layer, and part of the oxidized layer can be removed. It is important to swiftly eliminate the remaining reactive layer structure on the surface using chemical pickling.
Pickling
- Pickling is a rapid and effective way to totally remove the reactive layer without polluting the surface. Both the HF-HCl and the HF-HNO3 pickling solution can be used to pickle titanium. However, the HF-HNO3 solution has a greater capacity to absorb hydrogen than the HF-HCl solution, allowing it to adjust the concentration of HNO3 to lessen hydrogen absorption and perform surface polishing. HF concentrations are typically between 3% and 5%. HNO3 should be present in concentrations of 15% to 30%.
- After sandblasting, the procedure of pickling can be used to completely remove the surface reaction layer of titanium plates and rods.
Chemical Polishing
By using chemicals to polish metal, the metal undergoes a REDOX reaction in the chemical media. Its benefits include the fact that all parts in contact with the polishing liquid are polished, regardless of the metal's hardness, the polishing area, or the shape of the structure. It does not need specialized equipment and the operation is simple. It is suitable for complex titanium denture support structures. It is necessary to have a good polishing effect without compromising the precision of the denture since the process parameters of chemical polishing are challenging to control. The more effective titanium chemical polishing solution is made by mixing HF and HNO3 in a certain ratio. As a reducing agent, HF has the ability to dissolve titanium metal and level surfaces. HNO3 can generate a bright effect while also playing an oxidation role in the concentration of less than 10% to prevent excessive titanium dissolution and hydrogen absorption. High concentration, low temperature, and quick (1–2 minute) polishing times are required for titanium polishing solutions.
Electrolytic Polishing
Also known as electrochemical polishing or anodic dissolution polishing, titanium tubes have a low conductivity and exhibit strong oxidation, making it nearly impossible to polish titanium with water-based acidic electrolytes like HF-H3PO4 or HF-H2SO4. Additionally, after applying an external voltage, titanium anode immediately oxidizes, making it impossible to carry out anodic dissolution. Although anhydrous chloride electrolyte application at low voltage has a good polishing effect on titanium and tiny specimens can obtain mirror polishing, the goal of complete polishing still cannot be attained for complex restorations. This issue needs more research, but it might be resolved by adding cathode and altering the cathode's form.
Our Factory
Located in Baoji, Shaanxi province, known as China's Titanium Valley, Baoji West Titanium Materials Co., Ltd (West-Ti) was established in 2019 with a registered capital of 60 million yuan. The company was merged with Baoji Hongyuan Titanium Industry Co., Ltd. and Baoji Overflow Industrial Co., Ltd, both companies have more than 20 years of experience in the titanium industry. In 2019, the jointly established Baoji West Titanium Materials Co., Ltd business covers the processing and sales of rare metals such as titanium coil, plate, bar, wire, and titanium forging.
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