What is Niobium?
Niobium (chemical symbol Nb) is a rare transition metal with high corrosion resistance and good oxidation resistance, widely used in alloy production, the electronics industry and in high-temperature environments. Characteristics of niobium include a low density, a high melting point and good electrical conductivity.
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Advantages of Niobium
Heat and corrosion resistance:
Niobium and its alloys withstand harsh environments and extreme temperatures, making them suitable for components in aerospace, chemical processing, and nuclear reactors.
Superconductivity:
At low temperatures, niobium alloys lose their electrical resistance, a property exploited in mri machines, particle accelerators, and magnetic levitation systems for efficient energy transmission.
Lightweight design:
Niobium's contribution to lightweight yet strong alloys helps improve fuel efficiency and reduces carbon emissions in aircraft and vehicles.
Specification of Niobium
|
Chemistry% |
||||||||||||
|
Designation |
Chief component |
Impurities maximum |
||||||||||
|
Nb |
Fe |
Si |
Ni |
W |
Mo |
Ti |
Ta |
O |
C |
H |
N |
|
|
Nb1 |
Balance |
0.004 |
0.003 |
0.002 |
0.004 |
0.004 |
0.002 |
0.07 |
0.01 |
0.004 |
0.0012 |
0.002 |
|
Nb2 |
Balance |
0.005 |
0.005 |
0.005 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.004 |
0.1 |
0.015 |
0.01 |
0.0015 |
0.01 |
Features of Niobium
Niobium is less corrosion-resistant than tantalum at high temperatures. Niobium is not attacked by nitric acid up to 100 °C but is aggressively attacked by a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids. Hot, concentrated hydrochloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids attack it, but hot, concentrated nitric acid does not.
Niobium is unaffected at room temperature by most acids. It is attacked by alkaline solutions to some extent at all temperatures. Due to its low capture cross section for thermal neutrons, Niobium has applications in the nuclear industry.
Superconducting materials industry: Some niobium compounds and niobium alloys have high superconducting transition temperature, which is widely used in the manufacture of various industrial superconductors, such as a superconducting generator.
Atomic energy industry: Niobium has a high thermal conductivity, high melting point, good corrosion resistance, and low neutron capture cross section. It is a material that is well suited for atomic reactors.
Electronic industry: Niobate ceramics can be used for the production of capacitors. Single crystal such as lithium niobate and potassium niobate compounds is a new type of Optoelectronics and electronics with good crystal, piezoelectric, pyroelectric and optical properties
Aerospace Industry: Aerospace industry is the main application area of high purity niobium, mainly used for manufacturing engines and heat resistant components rockets and spacecraft.
Medical field: Niobium has anti - corrosive physiological and good biological compatibility, will not happen various liquid substances in the human body, and almost no damage to biological tissues, can adapt for any sterilization method.
Production Process of Niobium
Niobium mineral can be found in niobite, euxenite, pyrochlore, and niobite-tantalite. Pure niobium is extracted from the mineral by digesting with hydrofluoric acid. The niobium aqueous solution is separated from other compounds by liquid-liquid extraction. The purified niobium is then precipitated from the aqueous solution as niobium hydroxide by an alkaline solution such as ammonia.
After calcining the hydroxide is turned into niobium penta-oxide (pentoxide, Nb2O5). The niobium oxide can be converted to the metal form by aluminum thermite reduction. The metal is often further purified in an electron beam (EB) furnace to yield niobium ingots. Mill processes turn the ingot to plate, sheet, tube, and wire. Superconductor grade niobium (RRR 300) has very low impurities, especially gases, and can be made by repeatedly refining the metal in a high vacuum EB furnace.
Packing and Shipping of Niobium
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Packing |
Cushioning foam |
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Shipping |
Shipped by road, sea, rail |
FAQ
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